Office business operations in the center of a city have the urban agglomeration economy. Therefore, Deregulated the building Floor to Area Ratio (FAR) in the center of a city, the greater the density of office working population and the greater the productivity of office operations. On the other hand concentration of office-firm cause the external diseconomy typified in road traffic congestion. This study determines the benefit and the effect of road traffic increase by deregulation of FAR, using the data of Tokyo 23 special wards. To be concrete our analysis, on the policy assumption that office building FAR have limited use until 1500% and the remaining FAR assign the housing space, deregulated of FAR in Tokyo Chiyoda-ward. The results of this study are that benefit from productivity increasing is 649.2 [billion per year] (1.27% of prefecture income), cost form road traffic increasing is 69.23 [billion per year] (0.13% of prefecture income), and that the value which deduct the cost from benefit is 579.97 [billion per year] (1.13% of prefecture income).

This study focuses on how sequential changes of the bus transportation service affects the behavior and needs formation of the residents in rural areas. As a result, the change of the behavior is different from the purpose of activity and is also different from the level of the service. In addition, the needs formation depends on the service level so that people tends to form the modest needs if the service level is low. Then it is suggested that the difference of the service level make the difference of not only behavior but also needs formation.

This study analyzes the variation of the Value of Travel Time Saving（VTTS）over travel time. First，we formulate a time allocation model with the discrete choice theory. Next，we derive the VTTS from an approximated indirect utility function. After a discussion on the properties of the variation of the VTTS over travel time，we analyze the VTTS with the empirical data of modal choice of inter−urban leisure travel of Japan. The empirical analysis shows the VTTS decreases as the travel time increases. Finally we discuss the reasons for the results of the empirical analysis.

A recent economic growth enabled Asian container hubs to undertake dramatic innovation of terminal management and operations which resulted in rapid increase in the container throughput. On the other hand， former container hubs of Japan such as Kobe have stagnated in the last decade because of the high port charges and time consuming port procedures. This study describes recent policy development undertaken by the Japanese government to improve port competitiveness with launching new soft loan and taxation measures for assisting private terminal operators. This study also examines the policy by evaluating its efficiency and effectiveness.

The flexible operation of terminal air traffic was analyzed to enhance runway capacity at HANEDA airport. The airport capacity determined by landing aircrafts was estimated using a simple microscopic air traffic simulation system developed in the study. Using this simulation system，it is possible to reproduce the aircraft movements considering the size-depended characteristics of each aircraft such as separation minima，runway occupancy time and noise level. The results showed the significant increase of airport capacity and the consequent changes of user's benefit and noise pollution by proposed aircraft control patterns.

The object of this report is to introduce the basic concept of "The Manual for the Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Railway Projects in Japan" and the result of discussions about 1）Application of the comprehensive evaluation method into railway projects evaluation，2）Establishment of advance and post evaluation methods based on PDCA（Plan-Do-Check-Action） cycle，3）Revision of a cost-benefit analysis at the Committee meeting for a manual creation.

This paper focuses on the PDU (Plans de D姿lacements Urbains) in France as precedent experiments of the urban transport planning system, which prioritizes public transports in urban areas with view to reducing car trips. It is often considered in Japan that the challenges to reduce car trips tend to be faced with conundrum in finding viable solutions, as each measure to be implemented is difficult to win consent even if the general idea is agreed upon. In this connection, this paper analyses how PDU has come to elaborate its well-deliberated system, overcoming many complications in the past. Also, the paper clarifies that PDU is an urban transport strategy oriented for the promotion of trips using public transport network, which is applicable for future urban transport planning system in Japan.

This paper estimated carbon dioxide emissions directly related to the operations of container terminals in Japanese leading ports， by calculating fuel and electric power consumptions caused by the activities of calling vessels， tug boats， cargo handling equipments and trucks in the port area concerned. The results obtained by disaggregated analysis by ports， by port activities and by reduction scenario will be informative and useful for formulating and evaluating port related emission control policies and their effectiveness. The paper also argues that some policies enhancing port operational efficiency would economize fuel consumptions at port and contribute to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well.

This paper reports a recent transport policy in Zurich，Switzerland. Zurich is known as one of the best transit-oriented cities in the world where the various public transit priority programs have been introduced since 1970s. Though there were several political disputes and votes on the transport policy before the current transport policy was determined，the systematic and well-designed public transport system has been realized. We present major components in the programs including infrastructure investment，traffic control，public transit control system，coordination between transport planning and spatial planning and integrated transport system. Finally，we discuss lessons from the Zurich experiences to Japan.

The objective of this report is to study about future direction of management of third sector local railway. A questionnaire survey is conducted to extract problem issues， examine effects of service improvement and assess the possibility of cooperation from local residents to maintain railway operation. Based on these， the research attempts to suggest policy measures for sustainable operation local railways.