Transport Policy Studies' Review
Transport Policy Studies' Review

Vol.1No.1/1998〜Vol.8 No.30/2005

Vol.2　No.007 2000 Winter
 
(Paper) Estimating social costs of global warming based on multiple contingent valuation surveys
　By Seiji IWAKURA, Haruo ISHIDA, Yasuhisa HAYASHIYAMA,
Akira NEHASHI and Kenichi HORI
We couldn’t find any practically useful data of social costs of air pollution available so far in Japan, especially estimated data related to the social costs of global warming in transport sector couldn’t be found. Taking this shortcoming into account, we adopted the contingent valuation method as one of methods for estimating the social cost, which could be defined as the amount that Japanese people would be willingness to pay for government policy measures to counter either the positive or negative effects on the Japanese environment and society, caused by rising air temperature from 1 to 2.5C resulting from double level of atmospheric CO2. Several types of questionnaires were designed referring NOAA guidelines and they were used to survey 2059 people in Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Sendai, Okayama, and Kumamoto. The survey showed that respondents would pay ｴ7,394 - ｴ9,527 per year to prevent global warming. This figure was used to determine the social cost per tone-carbon, which came to ｴ7,468 - ｴ9,622/tC.

Vol.2　No.007 2000 Winter
 
(Paper) An Application of GIS to Railway Planning in Metropolitan Area in Consideration of Access to Stations
　By Hisao UCHIYAMA and Naohiko HIBINO
As the result of development of railway network in metropolitan area, passengers have been able to choose several railway routes and their stations. This study is to propose a GIS based railway planning system on the basis of 100m-grid special data, which traces the above mentioned passenger's individual behavior as possible. In order to establish it, the system has disaggregate modeling scheme (main mode choice and railway station choice). The system results in (1) measuring not only line-haul condition but also access and egress, (2) forecasting much precise railway passenger demand in consideration of access to the station and (3) displaying graphic maps.

Vol.2　No.007 2000 Winter
 
(Report)The State and Prospect of Internationalization of Local Port and Airport
　By Yoshiyuki TOKUNAGA and Kazuhiko ISHIGURO
Almost all prefectures have developed advanced port/airport facilities such as container berth with large depth and long runway, and then port/airports have been promoted as a matter of course. Handling amount of local port/airports, however, has not been increased as developer's expectation, because management of them is not matured as large ports and many shippers are not interested in changing transportation route. In this study, six guidelines for port/airport promotion are indicated based on a survey of shippers' behavior and intention.

Vol.2　No.007 2000 Winter
 
(Paper)Analysis of effect to the trip behavior by the change in household attributes
　By Hiroshi SUGITA, Norikazu SUZUKI, Nobuhiro AKIMOTO
It is expected that the population will decrease, on the one hand our society be composed largely of an elderly people and less children in one family. Such society will lead to some change in constitution of household, increasing single households as an example, and finally will effect to the trip behavior. This study aims to reveals those themes based upon the results of Tokyo Metropolitan Person Trip Survey: the differences between the trip behavior because of its own circumstances (or household constitution), the change of the behavior with the times. In addition, we tried to calculate the Tokyo's vehicle traffic volume in 2025, then it reveals that the prospect of future transportation demands will be greatly varied according to considering to the change in households attribute or not.

Vol.2　No.007 2000 Winter
 
(Report) Research on the Trend of Enlarging the Sizes of the Container Vessels that call at Japanese Port
　By Hironao TAKAHASHI and Yasuhiro AKAKURA
The sizes of container vessels are getting larger and larger in recent years. Previous studies evaluated this trend in terms of world fleets. This paper deals with this trend by the viewpoint of developing the container berths in Japan. In this paper, the data of container vessels that call at Japanese port are analyzed. Furthermore, the developing plan of container berths is examined by comparing with the trend of container vessels.
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Vol.2　No.006 1999 Autumn
 
(Paper)Effects and Future Direction of a Regional Gateway Port Development
　By UDr. Naohisa OKAMOTO
The role of a regional gateway port is becoming more important for container transport in Japan because of increasing volumes of inbound/outbound container cargo in Asia. The effects of port development should be analyzed based on cost benefit analysis. The purpose of this paper is to propose an estimation method for handled cargo volume at a regional gateway port. For this purpose, port choice behavior models considering the value of time for container cargo are analyzed. Using models for port choice behavior, the effects of the measures of port development are estimated.

Vol.2　No.006 1999 Autumn
 
(Paper)Analysis of effect to the trip behavior by the change in household attributes
　By Hiroshi SUGITA, Norikazu SUZUKI, Nobuhiro AKIMOTO
It is expected that the population will decrease, on the one hand our society be composed largely of an elderly people and less children in one family. Such society will lead to some change in constitution of household, increasing single households as an example, and finally will effect to the trip behavior. This study aims to reveals those themes based upon the results of Tokyo Metropolitan Person Trip Survey: the differences between the trip behavior because of its own circumstances (or household constitution), the change of the behavior with the times. In addition, we tried to calculate the Tokyo's vehicle traffic volume in 2025, then it reveals that the prospect of future transportation demands will be greatly varied according to considering to the change in households attribute or not.

Vol.2　No.006 1999 Autumn
 
(Report)The Development of Public Transport with the Example of Rhein-Main Verkehrsverbund
　By Andrea OBERMAUER
The introduction of new legislation in the railway sector at the European level and the privatization of the German Federal Railway Company in 1994, made it necessary to restructure the organization and financial framework of public transport systems. The role of local communities has been strengthened under the so-called “Regionalization Law” and the “Law on Financing Municipal Transport”. The objectives of this study are to analyze the contemporary role of transport associations (Verkehrsverbund), and to investigate the effects of the new legislation on a transport association’s organization and financing system as evidenced by the example of the Rhein-Main Verkehrsverbund (RMV).
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Vol.2　No.005 1999 Summer
 
(Paper)Review and Future Development of Benefit Incidence Table Approach
　By Takayuki UEDA, Akiyoshi TAKAGI,
Hisayoshi MORISUGI, Atsushi KOIKE
Benefit Incidence Table （BIT） was proposed almost ten years ago and has been developed not only in theory but also in practice so as to widen the range of its applications. Since BIT has been applied to many projects in practice during the decade, this approach is esteemed as the most useful tool in Cost Benefit Analysis. Some government official manuals therefore adopts BIT approach. It is a fact, however, that BIT still has many problematic points for further development. This paper reviews theoretical and practical development of BIT and discuss remaining research tasks in future development.

Vol.2　No.005 1999 Summer
 
(Report)Maglev train systems in Japan and Germany: 　―the probability of constructing a new transport mode and its problems―
　By Andrea OBERMAUER
Japan and Germany are the only countries developing maglev trains with the intention to build a maglev operation line. Both countries work on different maglev technologies, but the development and the tasks for realization are similar. However, since the construction of the German Transrapid is supposed to start in 1999, the finance structure and the realization process can be analyzed more in detail than in the case of the Japanese Linear Chuo Shinkansen. The aim is to investigate and compare the problems of constructing a maglev route, the finance system and the question of profitability in both countries.
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Vol.2　No.004 1999 Spring
 
(Paper)Analyzing the Effects on CO2 Emission of Taxation Stages of Car Purchase, Ownership and Use ―Modeling of Car Age/Type Cohort and Structure of Purchase/Owning/Driving Condition of Vehicle―
　By Yoshitsugu HAYASHI, Hirokazu KATO and Yoichi UENO
This study aims at constructing a tool to examine and provide the information of changes in car market configuration, life cycle CO2 emission from automobile transport and tax revenues due to taxation policies. In order to quantitatively estimate the effects, a model system which chases the car cohort by engine class and age is developed. It contains models which represent economic behaviors when the tax rates are changed in the stages of purchasing, owning and using of cars. As this model system can forecast the amount of existing cars by engine class and age, it makes possible to examine the effects on reducing CO2 emissions due to the balance of rates between each stage of taxation.

Vol.2　No.004 1999 Spring
 
(Report)New Trends of Travel Surveys in the United States
　By Tetsuro HYODO
In 1990's, size and budget of travel surveys has been expanded to improve transportation plans in the US. This report introduces the current new topics of transportation surveys in the US. We summarize the topics by intra-metropolitan area survey and inter-city survey. Especially, 1)Activity-Based survey, 2)Continuous survey, 3)a large size inter-city passenger or freight survey are introduced in detail. Finally, we discuss some differences of travel survey's features between the US and Japan, and we suggest the further topics to be studied in Japan.
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