Transport Policy Studies' Review
Transport Policy Studies' Review

Vol.1No.1/1998〜Vol.8 No.30/2005

Vol.1　No.003 1999 Winter
 
(Paper)Policy Change and U.S.-Japan Aviation Agreement−Political Economy of U.S. Aviation Policy Process toward Japan−
　By Nobuaki Endo and Toshiya Ozaki
This study examined the policy change of the U.S. Department of Transportation as it abandoned the original full-liberalization open skies policy and concluded the interim agreement with Japan. The study revealed that the DOT position was heavily influenced by the U.S. airline industry. Individual firms actively participated in the policy process and the industry position was essentially developed as their majority voice. DOT, however, was not a mere agent representing the US airline industry. It clearly defined its role in ensuring the market competition. The study demonstrated the validity of pluralism and the two-level game approach in illustrating, respectively, the domestic political process and international negotiation, and highlighted the limit of realism to the international negotiation.

Vol.1　No.003 1999 Winter
 
(Paper)A Study on Applying a Vertical Separation System for Railway Network Improvement in Metropolitan Areas
　By Yoshimasa TADENUMA
It is difficult to improve urban railway network even though such improvement is socially desired. The reason is that it is very costly and that there often is a conflict of interest between parties concerned, i.e., railway companies and local governments. Applying the system of vertical separation, that is, a separation of railway into rail owner and train operators, can be a solution to this problem and make possible a provision of socially necessary railway services. This study examines a framework of vertical separation of urban railway network, including some methods that enable entry of train operators and tariff determination.

Vol.1　No.003 1999 Winter
 
(Report)Cost-Benefit Analysis Method for Road Investment
　By Kiyoshi OKUDAIRA
In fiscal year 1997, Ministry of Construction introduced the objective evaluation system which requires the economic appraisal with the Objective Evaluation Index in determining which projects to be newly adopted. The system includes cost-benefit analysis. In June 1998, a draft of the Guideline for Evaluation of Road Investment was drawn as the basic method for cost-benefit analysis of road investment. The outline of the draft and the points left to be considered are described. The existing method of cost-benefit analysis is greatly in need of continuos consideration and improvement.
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Vol.1　No.002 1998 Autumn
 
(Paper)Effect of the Container Port Improvement for Large Scale Vessels
　By Naohisa OKAMOTO and Takao SATO
Application of cost benefit analysis for infrastructure investment is discussed against the request to the efficiency improvement of infrastructure investment. But there are a few studies that evaluated the significance of port investment from the viewpoint of national/regional economies. In this study, a methodology for evaluation of port investment is constructed considering various factors. This evaluation methodology is applied not only to evaluate the effects for agency concerned with the port but also the effects to regional and national economies. Furthermore, necessity of the improvement of the international container port with large depth is discussed based on case study analysis.

Vol.1　No.002 1998 Autumn
 
(Paper)Post-evaluation of the Investment in Increasing Commuter Transport Capacity −in Tokyo Metropolitan Area−
　By Yoshimasa TADENUMA
This study evaluates the effect of the past investment for commuter transport in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The evaluation focuses on the track extension of five main trunk lines of the Japan National Railway. The user benefit and increase of profit (deficit) of the investment are estimated by the comparison of the actual situation (as“with”case) with the situation without the investment (as“without”case). The result shows that the user benefit and the increase of profit of the railway company by the investment are very large.

Vol.1　No.002 1998 Autumn
 
(Report)Technical Control Systems upon Railways in UK and the Role of Governments under the Deregulation Context
　By Hitoshi IEDA
Measures of technical control by public sectors are essentially required upon transport industries from various viewpoints, such as environmental protection, securing safety, and consumer protection. However, these measures must be efficient and effective enough so that they would not hamper vigorous and creative activities of private firms. This paper systematically deals with the current technical control system in railways in UK which was completely revised after the drastic organizational restructuring held in 1994, and discusses the basic way of thinking laying under their institutional system. The author also suggests the desirable direction of improvement in Japanese system of technical control in railways.
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Vol.1　No.001 1998 Summer
 
(Paper)Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Prescription System for Traffic-Related Environment in Metropolises of Developing Countries
By Myoung-Young PIOR, Hirokazu KATO,
Yoshitsuga HAYASHI and Hideo NAKAMURA
Traffic-related air pollution has been worsening rapidly in many metropolises of developing countries. The main issue is to develop and implement a set of effective and comprehensive countermeasures as a matter of urgency in those cities where even the experts do not have enough knowledge and experiences to examine the complex relationships of causes and results of phenomena. To help solve this problem, an expert system is developed in this study using an analogy to the medical health check process whereby a city is regarded as a patient. Experiences of developed countries and some technical knowledge are systematically integrated in the system to give diagnosis and prescriptions. A user-friendly GUI is also used to easily handle the processes required. This system will help traffic and environmental officers in developing countries understand the comprehensive situation and establish most appropriate countermeasures for their cities.

Vol.1　No.001 1998 Summer
 
(Paper)The Attractiveness of Sightseeing Areas in Japan−An Evaluation Model−
By Masahiro MUROYA
The object of this study is to develop the evaluation model for the attractiveness of sightseeing areas in Japan. Reviewing the past studies in this field and analyzing the trend of the preference for sightseeing, the model is considered to be consisted of 4 chapters; resources, activity menu, accommodations and amenity. The next step is to evaluate the total attractiveness of the main sightseeing areas and then to clarify their characteristics in order to set up the efficient planning. Through these evaluation, several suggestions will be made, including the importance of the consideration for landscape and atmosphere as the measure for boosting up the attractiveness of sightseeing areas.

Vol.1　No.001 1998 Summer
 
(Paper)A Study on Productivity Analysis and Price Regulation of Japanese Railway Companies
By Norio IGUCHI
This paper, first, measures overall efficiency for Japanese railway business, using the concept of TFP (Total Factor Productivity). On the basis of TFP analysis these about 30 years, it is shown that productivity of railway business can steadily increase through appropriate management policy. Second, in order to get some information of price regulation, the performance of Price Cap regulation formula(I−TFP) is empirically examined. Then is it shown that Price Cap regulation can be introduced to some private railway companies under the specific conditions. Last, it is also proposed that price regulation must be essentially formed, considering the SCE (Scale Economies) estimation of each railway market segment.

Vol.1　No.001 1998 Summer
 
(Paper)The National Economic Evaluation of Policies for the Regulation of Automobile-related External Diseconomies- Comparative Analysis between Computable General Equilibrium(CGE) and Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium(DCGE）-
　By Takayuki UEDA, Shinichi MUTO and Hisayoshi MORISUGI
The Policies to regulate external diseconomies caused by automobiles are expected to reduce automobile-related externalities. It is well known, however, that these policies generate the market disbenefit. Hence the paper proposes a socioeconomic model for evaluating regulation policies, whose framework is based on the computable general equilibrium model. In this paper, we evaluate the some regulation policies with both computable general equilibrium (CGE) and dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model, and compare the effectiveness among them considering merits and demerits of each model.
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