Transport Policy Studies' ReviewVol.14
| Vol.14 No.55 2012 Winter |
(Academic research paper) Regional Transportation Network and Happiness of Residents: Evaluation of Regional Transportation System by the Sen's
Capability Approach
By Komei SASAKI and Yoshiyuki TOKUNAGA |
| Amartya Sen emphasizes that it is impossible to evaluate the well-being of the person without knowing what the person can do with the commodities and characteristics at his or her command, namely functionings of the person. The capability approach in which a combination of functionings and opportunities determines individual capabilities is urgently required as well in evaluating regional transportation system. For instance, construction of even magnificent highway in a region has a small or almost nil effect on the well-being or happiness of a resident if he or she is aged, ill, has no car , or no driver's license. Resorting to Survey of satisfaction-with- activities of residents, this paper intends to evaluate regional transportation system from the viewpoint of resident's happiness by the Sen's capability approach. |
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| Vol.14 No.55 2012 Winter |
(Academic research paper) Model Analysis on Impact of Transport Infrastructure
By Tsubasa SHIBATA and Hiroyuki KOSAKA |
| The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of high-speed transport infrastructure development on regional economies. Then we have developed multi-regions and multi-sector model by using an interregional input-output tables from 1965 up to 2000 which covers nine regions of Japanese economy. By this system, we conducted the scenario analysis in case of no development of high speed transportations. As a result, we could uncover the mechanism of economic disparities among regions in terms transport infrastructure. |
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| Vol.14 No.54 2011 Autumn |
(Academic research paper)A Policy Analysis Based on Transport Elasticities Estimation by the AIDS Model
By Atsushi KOIKE |
| The central and local governments usually pay substantial amount of subsidies to public bus companies. Hence, there is a need
to implement an effective bus services policy. In this paper, the bus service demand is defined as an AI-Demand System in order
to estimate various elasticities such as price, cross-price and income, of buses, trains, automobiles and taxis. This model system
is applied to the bus transportation demand in Japan. From the results of this empirical study this paper demonstrates the
uniqueness of bus demand in Japan, and provides several recommendations for transportation policy makers. |
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| Vol.14 No.54 2011 Autumn |
(Academic research paper)Economies of Traffic Density in Japanese Domestic Aviation Market
By Tadahiro OHASHI |
| This paper showed the existence of economies of traffic density in Japanese domestic aviation market. In analysis, we carried out
simultaneous estimation of the supply-and-demand function using the prefectures' level's OD flow data. About supply-side economies
of traffic density pointed out / taken into consideration by many existing researches, the existence was statistically significant as
a result of estimation. Thus, when analyzing the structure of aviation market, the importance of taking economies of traffic density
into consideration is pointed out. The coefficient of airport dummy variables, such as Haneda, Itami/Kansai, Shin-chitose
Airport that are taken into consideration with a marginal cost function, has many positive cases. Thus, a possibility that a large-scale
airport is the result of reflecting the height of a landing fee and congestion relatively compared with a local airport is pointed out. |
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| Vol.14 No.54 2011 Autumn |
(Report)Winter Road in Sakha Republic and the Effects of Global Warming
By Makoto OKUMURA, Ken KAWAMOTO and Sardana BOYAKOVA |
| Many cars, buses and trucks are driven on frozen river and lake, named as"winter road"Cin Sakha Republic. Sakha Republic is
one of the regions where the remarkable climate change will occur by global warming, then the change of available duration of
the winter road will become an important issue in the near future. This article introduces how design, management and usage
of the winter road are done in Sakha Republic, based on the hearing surveys and the technical standard of the winter road issued
by the Russian Federal Government. Then we analyzed the effects of global warming to available period of the winter road over
the Lena River near Yakutsk. |
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| Vol.14 No53 2011 Summer |
| (Academic research paper)Characteristics of Cruise Ship Tourism and Evaluation of Port Attractiveness
By Ryuichi SHIBASAKI, Ken ARAMAKI, Sumie KATO and Kiyoshi YONEMOTO |
| This study aims to evaluate port attractiveness quantitatively from a viewpoint of cruise-ship tourism. First, the actual situation on
cruise-ship tourism in Japan was investigated by questionnaire survey for passengers. Next, using the survey results on weights of
elements elaborating attractiveness and satisfaction rating on calling port, port attractiveness was measured by applying the Analytic
Hierarchy Process. In addition, another methodology to evaluate port attractiveness by combining these AHP results with
observable indices such as the number of scenic spots by tourism elements was developed and these results were compared. |
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| Vol.14 No53 2011 Summer |
(Academic research paper)Analysis of Influence that Environmental Policies Give Energy Efficiency in Urban Transport Systems
|Approaches by Using DEA and Malmquist Index| By Daisuke YOSHINO and Akimasa FUJIWARA |
| In order to realize environmentally sustainable transporit ESTjCit becomes quite important to reduce the environmental load
from transport sector while maintaining the level of mobility. This study attempts to apply the Environmental Efficiency model
iEE modeljto measure efficiency of energy consumption at a given level of mobility. In addition, the effects of some EST policies
to raise efficiency are simulated based on DEAiData Envelopment Analysisjand Malmquist index, including modal shift in a
city, technological innovation to improve the intensity of energy consumption in cities and the emissions trading scheme
between cities. |
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| Vol.14 No53 2011 Summer |
| (Report)Traveler's Behavior and Perception under Delay in Urban Rail Service in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
By Yuichiro KANEKO, Yoshihiko SOYAMA and Hironori KATO |
| This paper reports the results of survey on the behavior and perception of urban rail users pertaining to the delay of rail service
in Tokyo and discusses the policy implications from the results. The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 shows the
motivations and goals of the paper; Section 2 describes the recent problems regarding chronic delay in urban rail service in
Tokyo; Section 3 presents the survey on the behavior and opinions of rail-use passengers regarding the service delay; and
Section 4 summarizes the results and discusses the policy implications. |
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| Vol.14 No53 2011 Summer |
| (Report)Operating System for High-Frequency Intervals in Moscow Metro
By Keiji KARIYAZAKI and Naohiko HIBINO |
| This paper reviews the existing operating system of the Moscow Metro. The Moscow Metro carries a large number of passengers
everyday operating trains at high-frequency intervals. In Tokyo too, the railway system is operating at a capacity close to its
limit, but small irregularities are causing significant delays in the service. This paper studies the methods that the Moscow Metro
adopted in operating the system to achieve high-frequency intervals services, along with smooth flows of passengers and trains.
It is hoped that this research would be very information and useful for the improvement of the worsening punctuality in the
urban railway services of Tokyo. |
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| Vol.14 No.52 2011 Spring |
| (Policy research paper) Consideration of Intercity Transportation and Climate Change in Transport Planning Frameworks in the U.K. and in the
State of California in the US
By Atsushi SUZUKI, Naoyuki TOMARI and Tetsuo YAI |
| In this paper, we investigate the transportation planning frameworks in the UK and in the State of California in the US in order to figure
out how intercity transportation and climate change are considered in the frameworks. As a result, we suggest the needs 1jto develop
wide-area integrative multimodal transportation policy or vision and plan, 2jto refer to climate change in an upper-level statutory
plan, 3jto make it obligatory to assess impacts on climate change in the environmental impact assessment process, and 4jto assign
responsibilities for each transport mode or each region to reduce GHG emissions. |
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| Vol.14 No.52 2011 Spring |
| (Report)Analysis about Passage Sea Route of North America/North East Asia Container Line around Japan
By Yasuhiro AKAKURA and Shinji TAKEMURA |
| MLIT is just starting the investigation about the strategic ports along the Sea of Japan. Those ports close to North
America/North East Asia container sea route geographically. But, there are no statistical data and previous study that
counts the passage ships through the Sea of Japan. Based on this background, this study analyzes about passage sea route of
North America/North East Asia container line around Japan. In addition, past passage sea route are estimated. |
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| Vol.14 No.52 2011 Spring |
| (Report)Trend of Eurovignette Directive on Road Use Charges for Heavy Goods Vehicles and its Implication for Japan
By Ryoichi NISHIKAWA and Nobuaki KON |
| The emerging EU resulted in increased heavy goods vehicle traffic and unbalance of payment of infrastructure costs. In 1999,
an Eurovignette Directive was enacted to address the problem. In 2006, the European Commission started a study to surcharges
to road freight transport. In October 2010, the Council reached an agreement to surcharge for air pollution, noise and by excluding
the controversial congestion. We found implications for the expressway charging in Japan through the development of concept,
levels and components in the scheme. |
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| Vol.14 No.52 2011 Spring |
| (Report)Fundamental Analysis of International Air Cargo Transport in Japan
By Koji TAMURA |
| Air cargo transport plays an important part in international trade of Japan, although its study is rather few, comparing with sea cargo
transport. The purpose of this article is to indicate some characteristic movements of international air cargo transport in particular
items, by analyzing fundamental data such as share of air transport, cargo value and quantity, abstracting from Trade Statistic of
Japan, in order to suggest the role of air cargo transport in international trade. |
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